Human and robot partners increasingly need to work together to perform tasks as a team. Robots designed for such collaboration must reason about how their task-completion strategies interplay with the behavior and skills of their human team members as they coordinate on achieving joint goals. Our goal in this work is to develop a computational framework for robot adaptation to human partners in human-robot team collaborations. We first present an algorithm for autonomously recognizing available task-completion strategies by observing human-human teams performing a collaborative task. By transforming team actions into low dimensional representations using hidden Markov models, we can identify strategies without prior knowledge. Robot policies are learned on each of the identified strategies to construct a Mixture-of-Experts model that adapts to the task strategies of unseen human partners. We evaluate our model on a collaborative cooking task using an Overcooked simulator. Results of an online user study with 125 participants demonstrate that our framework improves the task performance and collaborative fluency of human-agent teams, as compared to state of the art reinforcement learning methods.
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为了与机器人合作,我们必须能够理解他们的决策。人类自然会通过类似于逆增强学习(IRL)的方式来推理其可观察到的行为,从而推断出其他代理商的信念和欲望。因此,机器人可以通过提供对人类学习者的IRL提供信息的示威来传达他们的信念和欲望。一项内容丰富的演示是,鉴于他们当前对机器人决策的理解,与学习者对机器人将要做的事情的期望有很大差异。但是,标准IRL并未对学习者的现有期望进行建模,因此不能执行这种反事实推理。我们建议将学习者对机器人决策的当前理解纳入我们的人类IRL模型中,以便机器人可以选择最大化人类理解的演示。我们还提出了一种新颖的措施,以估计人类在看不见环境中预测机器人行为的实例的难度。一项用户研究发现,我们的测试难度与人类绩效和信心息息相关。有趣的是,选择人类的信念和反事实时,选择示范会在易于测试中降低人类绩效,但在困难测试中提高了性能,从而提供了有关如何最好地利用此类模型的见解。
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由于在道路驾驶实验的安全性,成本和实验控制问题,模拟器是驾驶的行为和交互研究的重要工具。最先进的模拟器使用昂贵的360度投影系统,以确保视觉保真度,完整的视野和浸入。然而,可以使用基于虚拟现实(VR)的可视界面可高效地实现类似的视觉保真度。我们展示了Dreyevr,这是一个基于开源VR的驾驶模拟器平台,设计了具有行为和互动研究优先事项的驾驶模拟器平台。 Dreyevr(读取“驱动程序”)是基于虚幻发动机和Carla自主车辆模拟器,并且具有眼睛跟踪等功能,功能驾驶头部显示器(HUD)和车辆音频,定制可定义路由和流量方案,实验测井,重播功能,以及与ROS的兼容性。我们描述了部署此模拟器的硬件低于$ 5000 $ USD,比市售的模拟器更便宜。最后,我们描述了如何利用Dreyevr在示例场景中回答交互研究问题。
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